There are several types of cables commonly used in photovoltaic (PV) systems. These cables are specifically designed to meet the requirements of solar installations, which include withstanding UV radiation, extreme temperatures, and exposure to outdoor environments.
Here are the main cable types used in PV systems:
Photovoltaic (PV) Wire: PV wire, also known as solar cable, is the most commonly used cable in PV systems. It is specifically designed for connecting solar panels to the rest of the system components. PV wire is typically made of stranded copper conductors to provide flexibility and is insulated with a durable and UV-resistant material, such as cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). It is available in various sizes, including 10 AWG, 12 AWG, and 14 AWG, to accommodate different system sizes and current capacities.
Direct Burial Cable: Direct burial cable, as the name suggests, is designed to be buried directly underground. In PV systems, direct burial cables are used for underground wiring connections between the solar array, inverters, and other components. These cables are constructed with insulation and jacketing materials that can withstand moisture, sunlight exposure, and mechanical stress. They are often rated for direct burial without the need for additional conduit or piping.
USE-2 Cable: Underground Service Entrance (USE-2) cable is another type of cable suitable for use in PV systems. It is primarily used for outdoor, underground, and wet location applications. USE-2 cables have insulation and jacketing materials that provide resistance to moisture, heat, and sunlight. They are typically used for long-distance runs, such as connecting the solar array to the combiner boxes or inverters.
Tray Cable: Tray cable, also known as TC cable, is used for wiring and connections within the electrical control panels, combiner boxes, and other components of PV systems. Tray cables are designed to be flexible, durable, and able to withstand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are often insulated with materials such as XLPE or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and are rated for both indoor and outdoor use.
AC and DC Cables: In addition to the cables used within the DC side of the PV system, AC and DC cables are also used for connecting the inverter to the AC electrical panel and for grid interconnection. AC cables are typically used to carry the converted AC power from the inverter to the electrical panel. These cables may need to comply with local electrical codes and regulations for building wiring. DC cables are used for interconnecting components within the DC side of the system, such as between the solar panels, combiner boxes, charge controllers, and batteries (if present).
Selection of cable types and sizes depends on various factors, including the system voltage, current capacity, distance, and specific installation requirements. Local electrical codes and regulations should also be followed when determining the appropriate cables for a PV system. Consulting with a qualified electrician or solar installer can help ensure the correct selection and installation of cables in a PV system.